How Did Juan Garrido Die
There is a painting from the 16th century that depicts Juan Garrido holding a pike and standing adjacent to the Castilian conquistador, Hernan Cortes. Many have mistaken Garrido in this painting as a slave along with other paintings from the same era. This is because in Portugal at this fourth dimension, a time were near all Africans were thought of equally slaves brought from Africa on Portuguese ships, a free man such equally Garrido is quite a mystery, and he wasn't just a free human, he was a freely roaming African conquistador of the New World.
Historians came up with some theories addressing this mystery. One theory past the historian Ricardo Alegria says that Garrido's male parent was most probably an African male monarch who could have sent young Juan for a Christian and Portuguese education every bit a function of a commercial liaison. Another theory by Dr. Henry Louis Gates Jr. suggests that Garrido could accept either been sold to Portuguese slave traders and afterwards managed to travel on his own or that he somehow moved to Lisbon by himself. This theory was drawn from the fact that a Spaniard amongst the convoy to Hispaniola was named Pedro Garrido, and and then, it is idea that Pedro could accept been Juan's master and Christian namesake. The truth backside his early on years is somewhat foggy and hazy, and his native African proper name prior to Juan was never known, but the fact that we know for sure is that he became a prominent complimentary African Spaniard traveller and explorer of many lands in the New World.
Juan Garrido was born in the year 1487 on the Westward Coast of Africa, but later when he was a young man, he moved and lived in Lisbon, Portugal. He converted to Christianity and upon doing so, he chose to be named Juan Garrido, which translated from Spanish to "Handsome John".
Starting early from his early on teen years, Garrido led a life that was rather uncommon of an African man at that time. When he was a 15-year-sometime boy, he travelled from Lisbon to Seville, Espana and then, a twelvemonth later in 1503, he went on his get-go expedition to Hispaniola. Garrido spent five to six years observing explorers pillage the New World. The conquistadors were immune by the Spanish regime to take country, treasure and slaves as an effort to convert the people to Catholicism.
In 1508, he joined the expedition of Ponce De Leon with nearly fifty other conquistadors searching for gold in Puerto Rico and Cuba. When Ponce De Leon settled Puerto Rico and became governor, Garrido settled there too and was a participant in the fight against the natives' revolt that took place in 1511. Later on on, he joined the Ponce De Leon twice again.
Two years later, in 1513, Diego Columbus took the position of Ponce De Leon, and so, De Leon with the company of Garrido and other soldiers travelled looking for another treasure island. They reached the enormous peninsula of Florida but they were not fully equipped to conquer the natives. They did however, claim the peninsula, they named it and they planned to return later to conquer it. This expedition allowed Garrido to become the first free African to prepare pes on mainland America.
Meanwhile, in the Caribbean, the Castilian were facing ferocious revolts launched by the Native Americans. Garrido accompanied De Leon on the mission of scouting the islands, pacifying the Native Americans and fighting when information technology was necessary. Later on that, De Leon returned dorsum to Puerto Rico and dedicated his fourth dimension to raising his daughters later his wife'due south death. By that time, Garrido became a xxx-year-old traveller with great experience in exploring and fighting. He joined in other pocket-sized expeditions and searches for golden.
By 1519, he joined the invasion of the nowadays-day United mexican states every bit a participant in Hernan Cortes' forces during which they managed to put Tenochtitlan under siege. During the invasion, Garrido watched as the troops got killed by the natives. He helped in picking up the bodies and in 1520, he created a memorial for the martyrs which can be seen today as "The San Hipolito of the Martyrs" chapel.
In Mexico City, Garrido got married, settled down and had three children but he nevertheless continued to serve with Spanish forces. Like all conquistadors, Garrido was looking to gather some fortune that would permit him to provide a comfortable life for his family. Garrido was compensated for his work with both money and land. During his conquests, he won spoils and farmlands, and fifty-fifty some slaves from Africa and India. The Castilian army gave him a land exterior the sometime Aztec capital every bit function of the compensation for his services. He then became a farmer and started to cultivate his country. He became credited as the first wheat cultivator and producer in America.
In the 1520s, he and other Africans were part of several expeditions led by Nuño de Guzmán who swept through the region of Michoacán for an unabridged decade until 1530. Three years subsequently, Garrido explored his concluding expedition to Baja California with Hernan Cortes, after which he passed away.
In 1538, Juan Garrido delivered a testimony on his 30 years of service as a conquistador:
"I, Juan Garrido, blackness in color, resident of this city [Mexico], appear before Your Mercy and state that I am in demand of providing evidence to the perpetuity of the king [a perpetuad rey], a study on how I served Your Majesty in the conquest and pacification of this New Spain, from the time when the Marqués del Valle [Cortés] entered it; and in his company I was present at all the invasions and conquests and pacifications which were carried out, always with the said Marqués, all of which I did at my own expense without being given either salary or allotment of natives [repartimiento de indios] or anything else. As I am married and a resident of this metropolis, where I have always lived; and besides as I went with the Marqués del Valle to discover the islands which are in that role of the southern sea [the Pacific] where there was much hunger and privation; and also as I went to observe and pacify the islands of San Juan de Buriquén de Puerto Rico; and also as I went on the pacification and conquest of the island of Republic of cuba with the adelantado Diego Velázquez; in all these ways for xxx years have I served and continue to serve Your Majesty–for these reasons stated above do I petition Your Mercy. And also considering I was the first to have the inspiration to sow maize here in New Spain and to meet if information technology took; I did this and experimented at my ain expense."
Bibliography
- Benedict Warren, The Conquest of Michoacán: The Castilian Domination of the Tarascan Kingdom in Western Mexico, 1521-1530 (Norman: Univ. of Oklahoma Press, 1985)
- Peter Gerhard, "A Black Conquistador in Mexico," The Hispanic American Historical Review, Vol. 58, No. iii (August 1978)
- Ricardo E. Alegría, Juan Garrido, el Conquistador Blackness gro en las Antillas, Florida, México y California, c. 1503-1540 (San Juan: Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Puerto Rico y El Caribe, 1990)
How Did Juan Garrido Die,
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